The Benefits of Genetic Analysis Paper Essay Assignment Paper
The Benefits of Genetic Analysis Paper Essay Assignment Paper
Medicine has changed dramatically since the first vaccine. And yet, it has stayed remarkable the same. Since the dawn of medicine, scared and sick patients have sought out doctors and nurses to give them hope and medicines to cure their diseases. In the last 20 – 30 years, the ability of doctors and nurses to help their patients has increased significantly. The development of genetic cloning, mapping, and sequencing has forever changed the landscape of medicine. These initial endeavors have led to some of the major benefits of genetic analysis: 1.) prenatal and infant genetic screening, 2.) gene therapy, 3.) genome sequencing, and 4.) epigenetics.
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Prenatal and Infant Genetic Testing
It was not uncommon fifty or 100 years ago for babies to be born with what we now know to be genetic abnormalities. According to the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) (2008), 3% of those born in the United States suffer from birth defects. Unfortunately, in 20% of those cases, the infant dies (Matthews, MacDorman, Thoma, 2015). The mysteries that have been uncovered using genetics and genomics have been applied to the testing of this most vulnerable part of the population.The Benefits of Genetic Analysis Paper
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) are examples of horrendous genetic-based birth defects. In these cases, the infant has three copies of the chromosome rather than two (Stanford Children’s Health, 2016). However, thanks to advances made in genetics, prenatal and infant screenings can be done to assess for these conditions. An amniocentesis, where amniotic fluid is drawn from the pregnant woman, can be tested for these chromosomal abnormalities. Ultrasounds can also be used, however, this method is not infallible. After birth, infants can also be checked using a simple blood draw (Stanford Children’s Health, 2016). Other genetic-based problems such as brain or neural tube defects can be identified with a simple blood draw while the woman is pregnant (Dungan, 2016). Since the fetus’s DNA escapes into the mother’s bloodstream, a blood test on the mother can indicate if the fetus is genetically robust (cell-free fetal nucleic acid testing) (Dungan, 2016). Such a blood test can also screen for proteinaceous markers associated with genetic maladies such as neural tube defects (Dungan, 2016). The idea that a simple blood test could yield such monumental results would have been virtually inconceivable 100 years ago.The Benefits of Genetic Analysis Paper
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