Role Of Leptin In Autoimmune System Essay Assignment Paper

Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipose tissue and its implication in energetic homeostasis at central level has been largely described. Leptin is exerted at the development, proliferation, anti-apoptotic, maturation, and activation levels. Indeed, LepRs have been found in neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and they belong to the family of class I cytokine receptors. The overall leptin action in the immune system is a pro-inflammatory effect, activating pro-inflammatory cells, promoting Th1 responses, and mediating the production of the other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-6. Leptin is therefore able to modulate both innate and adaptive immune response. Moreover, several studies in human revealed that leptin levels associated with autoimmune disorders, infections and endocrine/metabolic diseases, thus suggesting a central role of leptin in immune homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin. The disease is characterized by autoreactive T-cells that traffic to the brain and the spinal cord and injury myelin, with the result of chronic or relapsing-remitting paralysis.13Analysis of the disease susceptibility in naturally leptin-deficient ob/ob mice before leptin replacement revealed resistance to both active and adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that was reversed by leptin administration. Leptin replacement converted Th2- to Th1-type response and shifted IgG antibodies from IgG1 to IgG2a. In addition, it has also been recently observed that a serum leptin surge precedes the onset of EAE in susceptible strains of mice. This peak in serum leptin is correlated with inflammatory anorexia, weight loss, and development of a pathogenic T-cell response against myelin. Role Of Leptin In Autoimmune System