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Primary and Secondary Deviance Using Pagers essay assignment
Q. Discuss how Becker’s Labeling theory (Chapter 3) applies to people’s experiences of and reactions to deviant identities.
Q. Explain the relationship between primary and secondary deviance, using Pager’s study (Chapter 20) of the employment difficulties of individuals with prior arrest records.
Resources
Adler, P., & Adler, P. (2016). Constructions of Deviance (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
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Discuss how Becker’s Labeling theory (Chapter 3) applies to people’s experiences of and reactions to deviant identities.
Becker states, “The degree to which an act will be treated depends on who commits the act…”. (Adler 41) We can apply this portion of the theory to those who face being labeled differently regardless of the same or similar deviant acts that have been committed. Similar to an example Becker describes, a young black male who commits the same deviant act, say shoplifting, will be more likely to be labeled at a thief, due to his environment, and the likelihood of being arrested and booked. “Some rules are enforced only when the result in certain consequences.” (Adler 42) The labeling can only be applied when the deviance becomes categorized into such labels. The determination of a person being labeled a criminal is not simply decided by committing a crime. Outside influences will take precedence before a label can be made. One’s experiences determine how these labels are created. Those who practice certain religions or were raised to that see homosexuality as deviant behavior will react to labeling those who behavior mirror that of homosexuality faster than those who do not have a disposition to that behavior being deviant. On the reverse, those who are homosexual and aware of the stigma and labeling will be more inclined to hide their ‘deviant’ behavior in hopes to avoid negative labels.
Determine and discuss 1 strength and 1 weakness of Becker’s Labeling theory, and apply this theory to an example of deviant behavior in a non-Western culture.
Becker’s labeling theory gives a strong insight on the how and why some people is receive labels and others don’t, regardless of similar deviant behaviors. Understanding the reasoning for labels and how one assumed that role can give better insight into the society being examined. An issue that I seem to notice with Becker’s Labeling theory is the label given comes across as an inevitable path that one being labeled will carry throughout one’s life, and that seems unlikely for everyone.
I would like to apply this theory to mental illness among North Koreans. Unlike Western culture where it is now socially acceptable to visit a therapist and discuss mental illness struggles, North Koreans’ have a tendency to hide their mental issues. So much so, that because of lack of awareness, “The expression “a mentally healthy person” itself just does not even exist.” (Yu 2018). Those who are become labeled weak, or full blown crazy. “In North Korea, if you have a mental issue, you are taught that it is absolutely considered a full-blown psychotic illness. Generally, everyone who is not in a mental hospital is healthy. That is how it is seen by society.” (Yu 2018) These people live in constant fear of hinting at any type of mental illness or issues that little receive any help, and those who do suffer in poor conditions like “Ward No. 49”, a psychiatric hospital in North Korea. Because of this ill-mannered labeling, many North Koreans suffer and die from lack of medical treatment.
Resources
Adler, P., & Adler, P. (2016). Constructions of Deviance (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Yu, S., Jang, J., Noh, J. W., Kwon, Y. D., Park, H., & Woo, J. M. (2018). What Is It to Be Mentally Healthy from the North Korean Refugees’ Perspective?: Qualitative Research on the Changes in Mental Health Awareness among the North Korean Refugees. Psychiatry investigation, 15(11), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2018.09.10
