Modern Uses Of Pharmacogenetics Essay Assignment Paper

In 2004, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) published a study which indicated that chemotherapy only had a positive outcome for specific cancer-treatment subjects (Paik, et al., 2004). Medical research shows that heritability can influence how certain pharmaceutical drugs elicit reactions when treated on humans (Haga & Burke, 2004). This has recently led to the idea that individualized treatment based on sequencing in the human genome is the most efficient way to cure patients suffering from variable conditions (Adams, 2008). Pharmacogenetics is the study of how different individuals respond to drugs based on gene variations to both predict the efficacy of certain medication and understand adverse drug reactions (Falrex, 2018). The most crippling setbacks to progress in pharmacogenetic research are the potentials for bias and conflicting findings among studies.

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Since the time of Pythagoras, it was discovered that ingestion of fava beans resulted in different reactions when eaten by different individuals; for some, there was no reaction, and for others ingestion was fatal (Pirmohamed, 2001). This drew the important conclusion that two people sometimes elicit different physiological reactions from ingesting the same thing. As more clinical research had been conducted into this phenomenon, it was discovered that differing reactions are directly related to genetics. An early discovery which validated the existence of pharmacogenetic phenomena was that the efficacy of the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid is nullified by a genetic deficiency in the enzyme N-acetyltransferase (Bönicke & Lisboa, 1957). Later studies continue to corroborate the claim that genetics influence the production of certain enzymes involved in drug metabolism (Pinto & Dolan, 2012). The way that these enzymes determine the human body’s ability to metabolize drugs is the foundation of pharmacogenetic research.Modern Uses Of Pharmacogenetics

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