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Early and Late Selection Models of Attention essay assignment
Question: Compare and contrast early and late selection models of attention and provide examples of each.
Wendy said: Attention is the ability to pay more attention to some things compared to others. The initial selection model of attention is called “the idea that a stimulus can be selected and further processed or thrown out as irrelevant before the perceptual analysis of the stimulus is complete.” (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). That is, there are filters used to process and sort the information so that you can remove irrelevant information. When I was a child I had dyslexia, I would do things backward like read a book from the back to the front. I am left-handed and my teachers would try to make me right-handed. My brain just could not process doing things their way. So, I was always able to process things my way while I could not hold or select doing things their way. Later, I was diagnosed with ADHD. Unless you really know how the brain processes these two different ways of processing information you can imagine my confusion. I have since overcome dyslexia, but I still have ADHD. I started college in 2011 online with no one to help me know how to navigate a platform. I also flunked my first semester in school because I did not know how to navigate college classes and I sweat when I do math problems. I am happy to report those challenges have been met also. I still process memory better with background noise like TV I cannot stand a quiet room. I can keep what is on TV as well as what I am studying.
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Darlene said: Attention is the ability to pay more attention to some things compared to other. Early selection model of attention is referred to as “The idea that a stimulus can be selected for further processing or be tossed out as irrelevant before perceptual analysis of the stimulus is complete.” (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Meaning there is a filter being used to process and sort information so that unrelated information can be removed. It reminds me of when I applied for a 911 dispatch position, and we did several test to recall information we had to repeat back numbers while listening to sounds I was able to pay attention to the numbers and disregard the other distractions that were playing.
Late selection is when the perceptual system processes the information equally and then selection occurs further down in the stages of processing information that determine whether the stimuli gain access to awareness to gain a response. (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). When information passes through, we still process all the information rather it is relevant or not and it holds meaningful information. An example that comes to mind would be when taking a test, you may process all the information you studied but only one answer is needed to cover the area, but you may have studied all the information because it is of equal importance.
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Michael said: Hello professor Piper and class,
Early selection is the idea that stimulus can be selected for further analysis or it could be disregarded before perceptual analysis of the stimulus is completed (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). An example of early selections is, let’s say four kids come up to my garage and start asking me different questions at the same time and one kid mentions something about my weights in the garage and I choose to keep the other questions in a buffer and let the weight question get my full attention for a discussion and all the other questions get disregarded.
Late selection hypothesizes is that the perceptual system will first process all inputs equally and then a selection will take place at a higher stage of the information processing that will determine if the input will gain stimuli and gain access to one’s attention and becomes input to be remembered or initiate a response (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). An example of late selection is, let’s say four guys from work come to me with a solution to a specific problem. I listen to all their input on the problem equally and a stimulus occurs and initiates a response to what I feel is the best solution to the problem. This solution goes to my memory and the others will be forgotten.
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James said: The comparison of early-selection and late-selection models of attention relates to the timing, and steps of processing information. These two models of attention also relate to the information-processing stream that assists with observing information and deciding what information, or stimulus is important enough for further attention (Gazzaniga et al, 2018). With early-selection, perceptual analysis of a stimulus takes place, only after it has been labeled as important enough for more processing, or not important and should not be processed further (Gazzaniga et al, 2018). My understanding of the difference between this and late-selection of attention, has to do with the timing of perceptual analysis. The idea of late-selection is that all stimuli is perceptually analyzed simultaneously, or equally, then it is later, during a higher form of information processing when important and irrelevant stimuli are separated (Gazzaniga et al, 2018). What happens to the information that passes this screening? If early, or late-selection is accurate regarding attention, either way, something happens to the stimuli after our perceptual analysis decides what is worthy of further processing. One of three things happens after selection; the stimulus either creates a response, becomes a part of our awareness, or is ecdoded into our memory (Gazzaniga et al, 2018). Once again, it fascinates me how much is going on within the human brain and nervous systems, at any given moment.
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Question 2: Describe blindsight and unilateral neglect and explain the contribution of these phenomena to researchers’ understanding of consciousness and attention.
Ashley said: Blindsight is used to describe the phenomenon that patients suffering from a lesion in their visual cortex can respond to visual stimuli in the blind part of the visual field (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). The term was brought to us by Larry Weiskrantz from Oxford University (1974, 01986) (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). According to our text, blindsight happens outside consciousness, people will deny they can do a visual task, however they perform the task (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Because blindsight is outside the conscious awareness, it has been cited as support of the view that perception happens in the absence of sensation, and that sensations are alleged to be experiences of impinging stimuli (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Unilateral neglect refers to damaged caused to the right-hemisphere, in the parietal, temporal and/or frontal cortex (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). Due to damage, a person will not see what is coming into the left visual field, and the conscious brain cannot access the information (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). When presented with an image to one hemifield, then to the other, the person is asked to judge if the image is the same or different, typically a performable task to someone with unilateral neglect (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). When images are presented at the same time to both hemifields and asked to state if the images are the same or different the person typically cannot state which hemifield enabled them to make the informed decision (Gazzaniga et al., 2018). These studies aided researchers in understanding how brain damage can affect sight and attention.
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Samantha said: For those individuals who have disorders of attention, their brain has decreased white matter volume throughout, especially in the prefrontal cortex (Gazzaniga, et al., 2018). Unilateral neglect is usually the result of a stroke, and it affects individuals by damaging either the right or left hemisphere of the brain (Gazzaniga, et el., 2018). This will effect which side the individual can see and focus attention too. For example, if the right hemisphere is damaged, it will cause neglect in the left visual field (Gazzaniga, et al., 2018). Individuals with blindsight can see items or objects but are only able to see one at a time and are unable to describe locations. These individuals are thought to be blind due to damage but they can still see items consciously. These gives researchers insight on how those with brain damage are still able to see objects through the conscious mind, and others who have hemispheric damage can only see objects that they are self-aware of. This can also help researchers understand the relation between sight/vision and attention as well as consciousness.
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