Birth Control and Unplanned Pregnancies Essay Assignment Paper
Birth Control and Unplanned Pregnancies Essay
After years of little innovation in birth control, an assortment of new methods offering a broad variety of choices is emerging, including a skin patch that is changed weekly, a hormone-enhanced IUD and a permanent sterilization procedure that requires no anesthesia” (Berger, 2002, p.1). After reading this article in the New York Times, I became very interested in the new forms of birth control. Currently I am prescribed to an oral contraceptive, and have difficulty taking the pill at the same time everyday and on a regular basis, which lowers the effectiveness of the contraceptive.Birth Control and Unplanned Pregnancies Essay I was looking for a contraceptive that is not necessarily taken everyday and is reversible in that I am able to become pregnant at a later date in life. After completing research on the many different forms that have emerged in the last few years, I narrowed my concentration to three. An injectable form entitled Depo-Provera, a transdermal patch entitled Ortho-Evra, and a vaginal ring entitled NuvaRing.
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These all met the criteria that I wanted in a new form of birth control as well as presented enough information to research in making a decision.”The new devises offer longer lasting alternatives to a daily pill and are viewed as long overdue in light of an estimated three million unplanned pregnancies in the United States each year, about half of them ending in abortion” (Berger, 2002, p.1). The overall effectiveness has increased with these new forms of birth control, which can help women and our country’s unplanned pregnancy rate. The lack of variety of birth control has been seen as a result of the length of time in developing these new forms as well as the Puritan culture our country is based on. There also have been many developments, such as Norplant, that have emerged just to be taken off the market soon after it premiered (Berger, 2002, p.1). It has been a long time since a new method has emerged, but Depo-Provera, Ortho Evra and NuvaRing are three examples that have emerged and has effectively increased the accuracy of pregnancy protection.Birth Control and Unplanned Pregnancies Essay
In order to correctly evaluate the risks and benefits of new emerging birth control methods, a basic understanding of those associated with oral contraceptives is first needed. Birth control pills use synthetic hormones that imitate those naturally produced in the body and were first introduced and approved by the FDA in 1960. There are many health benefits to birth control in addition to the decrease of incidence of unwanted pregnancy including prevention of osteoporosis by impacting bone mineral density as well as regulating the menstrual cycle and decreasing the chance on anemia by restricting blood loss. It is also used in the treatment of acne and uncomfortable cramps associated with the menstrual cycle. Like most pharmaceutical treatments, there are many health risks associated with the use of oral contraceptives. Many of these include an increase in risk for breast and cervical cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke. There is a 5% failure rate associated with the pill (Shvarts, 2002, pgs. 11-13).
“On October 3, 2001, the FDA approved a combination vaginal ring called NuvaRing” (Likis, 2002, p.150). It is a doughnut shaped devise that is flexible, translucent and about two inches in diameter. It is self inserted into the vagina on or before the fifth day of menses. Its positioning within the vagina is not imperative to its effectiveness because it is not a barrier method. It releases either progestin or a combination of progestin and estrogen everyday for three weeks, when it is then removed from the vaginal so that the woman can experience bleeding. Rarely does the ring slip out of the vagina, but if this occurs and is noticed within three hours, it can be rinsed in lukewarm waster and re-inserted (Shvart, 2002, p.15).
The advantages of NuvaRing compared to the traditional pill is the lack of direct effort in the woman because the ring is inserted and left alone for three weeks instead of having a constant reminder of taking the pill everyday. The failure rate compared to that of the pill is much lower, at .65%, and cycle control remains comparable to oral contraceptives. Infrequently was their irregular bleeding associated with NuvaRing, much lower than that of the pill and other contraceptives (). “In clinical trials, the most common adverse events reported by 5-14% of women using NuvaRing were, vaginitis, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, leucorrhea, sinusitis, weight gain and nausea. Other adverse reactions that have been reported are similar to those seen with other combination hormone contraceptives” (Shvart, 2002, p.15).
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