Acute Myeloid Leukemia Essay Assignment Paper
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Essay Assignment Paper
Introduction
Acute myeloid leukemia forms in the bone marrow cells. The immature and abnormal white blood cells, also called blasts, occupy the bone marrow and get into the bloodstream. The bone marrow synthesizes a large amount of these immature and abnormal white blood cells derived from the myeloid stem cell. This affects the production of normal blood cells thus leading to anemia and increasing the risk of infections and problems with bleeding. There are different types of acute myeloid leukemia depending on the level of maturation and type of the cells that are cancerous. The principal subtypes include M0, M1, and other, up to M7. Sometimes these subtypes have descriptive names such as acute myelomonocytic leukemia for M4, in which there is only one blast cell that eventually develops to a monocyte. M0 is also known as acute myeloid leukemia and is characterized by minimal evidence of myeloid differentiation. It is important to note that acute myeloid leukemia is not a common cancer disease. Most often it affects people over the age of 50, and rarely occurs in people below 20. In addition, this disease affects men more often then women.
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Causes of acute myeloid leukemia
Leukemia begins from the development of one abnormal, cancerous cell. Subsequently, the vital genes, responsible for controlling the processes of cell division are damaged, altered, or destroyed. This results in the production of the abnormal blast cells. The cancer cells that survive to this level begin multiplying abnormally and in large numbers, resulting in the development of leukemia. In case of acute myeloid leukemia, the transformation of an immature white blood cell to abnormal blast cells is hard to detect, which makes this disease even more hazardous. These factors include exposure to benzene, high doses of radiation, and various genetic conditions, which increase the chances of developing acute myeloid leukemia.
Symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia
As it was previously mentioned, acute myeloid leukemia involves the production of abnormal blast cells, which fill up the bone marrow. “This makes it difficult to the normal cells to survive in the bone marrow, and also reduces the number and efficiency of these normal cells” (Elworthy 67). The abnormal blast cells also enter into the blood stream, resulting into different complications. In order to detect the disease at the beginning stage of development, it is important to clarify its symptoms.Acute Myeloid Leukemia Essay Sample
There are diverse symptoms and signs of acute myeloid leukemia, which are often nonspecific. However, these symptoms are often attributed directly to the leukemic infiltration of the bone marrow, which ultimately results in cytopenia. The time of exhibiting symptoms may vary. Young patients can have symptoms occurring from a few days to a couple of weeks, while other groups of patients exhibit a lengthy course with the mentioned symptoms, which may occur during a period of several weeks to even months. This lengthy course can imply the development of a hematologic disorder known as myelodysplastic syndrome.
Patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia have symptoms which range from hemorrhage, fatigue, fever and infections because of the reduction in white cells, platelets and red blood cells. Other symptoms include pallor and dyspnea on exertion.
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