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Accident Analysis & Prevention essay assignment
Read the abstract below and then the example paraphrases below. Decide whether each one is plagiarism or not and state your reasoning. As you respond, identify each example (e.g., Example 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) and then type what, if anything, you think is wrong with respective example. Be sure to think through appropriate use of paraphrasing, quoting and use of in-text citations as you respond to each example. You do not have to include the examples as written below as you post your response.
Lesch, M. F., & Hancock, P. A. (2004). Driving performance during concurrent cell-phone use: Are drivers aware of their performance decrements? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 471-480.
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Prior research has documented the manner in which a variety of driving performance measures are impacted by concurrent cell-phone use as well as the influence of age and gender of the driver. This current study examined the extent to which different driver groups are aware of their associated performance decrements. Subjects’ confidence in dealing with distractors while driving and their ratings of task performance and demand were compared with their actual driving performance in the presence of a cell-phone task. While high confidence ratings appeared to be predictive of better driving performance for male drivers (as confidence increased, the size of the distraction effects decreased), this relationship did not hold for females; in fact, for older females, as confidence increased, performance decreased. Additionally, when drivers were matched in terms of confidence level, brake responses of older females were slowed to a much greater extent (0.38 s) than were brake responses of any other group (0.10s for younger males and females and 0.07 s for older males). Finally, females also rated the driving task as less demanding than males, even though their performance was more greatly affected by distraction. These results suggest that many drivers may not be aware of their decreased performance while using cell-phones and that it may be particularly important to target educational campaigns on driver distraction towards female drivers for whom there tended to be a greater discrepancy between driver perceptions and actual performance.
Example 1:
This current study examined the extent to which different driver groups are aware of their associated performance decrements. Subjects’ confidence in dealing with distractors while driving and their ratings of task performance and demand were compared with their actual driving performance in the presence of a cell-phone task (Lesch & Hancock, 2004).
What, if anything, is wrong?
Example 2:
“This current study examined the extent to which different driver groups are aware of their associated performance decrements. Subjects’ confidence in dealing with distractors while driving and their ratings of task performance and demand were compared with their actual driving performance in the presence of a cell-phone task” (Lesch & Hancock, 2004, p. 471).
What, if anything, is wrong?
Example 3:
This current study looked at associated performance decrements for different driver groups. The drivers’ actual driving performance in the presence of a cell-phone task was compared with their confidence in dealing with distractors while driving and their ratings of task performance and demand (Lesch & Hancock, 2004).
What, if anything, is wrong?
Example 4:
This study examined how different driver groups were aware of their associated performance decrements. The actual driving performance with the presence of a cell-phone task was looked at in comparison to the drivers’ confidence rating in dealing with distractors (Lesch & Hancock, 2004).
What, if anything, is wrong?
Example 5:
This study examined how aware people were of their driving performance both with and without the added distraction of a cell phone (Lesch & Hancock, 2004). The researchers also looked at if age or gender had any impact on driving performance. Men, of all ages, who were more confident in their ability to deal with distraction were found to be better drivers. Inversely, older women who said they were confident in dealing with distraction were actually less competent drivers. The researchers compared the reaction times for drivers with the same confidence ratings and found that older women had the slowest brake times compared to any other group. Women also thought that the test was easier than men did. The results tell us that the use of a cell phone while driving may be more distracting than people realize.
What, if anything, is wrong?
APA format times roman 12” double spacing
