DNP 960 Setting Up the SPSS Database to Run Analyses Essay Assignment paper
DNP 960 Setting Up the SPSS Database to Run Analyses Essay Assignment paper
The SPSS Program is the gold standard for quantitative analysis and is used pervasively by academic institutions pursuing advanced research. Once installed on your computer, SPSS is not to be used for commercial purposes and may be used for academic purposes only. The license provided by GCU for your use is valid through October 2020. Since SPSS will be used for your personal research, be sure to back up your data on a regular basis.
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For a step-by-step guide on downloading SPSS, select the following link to the GCU Technical Support Help Center.
- Downloading SPSS
What level of measurement is your dependent variable? Nominal Level – counts, rates, cases, gender, ethnicity/race, readmissions
Ordinal Level – socioeconomic level, income level, education level, Likert Scale GPA
Interval Level – scores or numbers where zero does not mean zero or none, e.g., temperature, intervals from -1 to 1, 12-hour clock time, suction pressure
Ratio – a number or a score where 0 means none e.g., age, 24 hour or military time, test score, tire pressure
The variable’s level of measurement will determine the statistical procedures used to analyze them. First, you must get your data coded and identified according to the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio). As noted in the SPSS database, which is used with this document, the variables must be entered into the variable view for the purpose of coding.
Then when the database is switched to the Data View, the data can be entered using these codes which are set up to help identify the different variables for analysis. As noted in the accompanying SPSS database, the variables are entered either using the codes set up for nominal and ordinal, or the actual numbers or scores are entered for the continuous variables (interval or ratio).
In the DPI project, data is compared two ways to assess for a change or difference. It is either compared between different groups of patients or data or the data is compared within a group through repeated collection of the data. These two approaches are called Between groups or Within groups (paired) as noted below.
Different statistical tests are used based on whether you approach it from a between groups or within groups approach.
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Lastly, once you have your database set up properly, you will select the statistical tests to assess the difference in the dependent variable’s outcomes based on the intervention groups. As noted in the boxes, there are two types of statistical approaches considering the independent variable and dependent variable. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis are used. Parametric analysis uses tests which are designed to test for mathematical differences between numbers. Therefore, they are appropriate for the ratio or interval level variables where a mean or average can be determined from the data. These tests include t tests, correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Non-parametric tests are used to test for differences in the frequencies of rates or counts. Variables of the nominal or ordinal level of measurement are analyzed using the non-parametric test. Examples of these tests include chi-square, Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon Rank Sum, and other tests depending on the approach (between or within).
